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THE COLORED FLAME IN THE ORDER OF FUCHSIA (LICL), YELLOW (NACL), LILAC (KCL), ORANGE/RED (CACL2), BLUE/GREEN (CUCL2) AND RED (SRCL2) (VIA THE ULTRALIGHT CAMPING STOVE)

Remember chem lab? The popular 鈥榝lame鈥� demonstration that educators use to show a variety of chemical phenomena has been improved, thanks to a trio of A片资源吧 chemists.

While alternative approaches have been developed over the years to address some of the demo鈥檚 safety concerns, John Canal, Dev Sharma and Hamel Tailor have devised a method they say mitigates all concern over solvent use and restores convenience and brilliance without compromising safety. The chemists鈥� findings were recently published in 

The demonstration, also known as the rainbow demonstration or the rainbow flame test, has been a standard teaching tool at universities and high schools for decades. The traditional demonstration involves placing up to six open-flamed burners side by side on the laboratory bench. The instructor then adds different chemicals, by hand, to each flame. Depending on the salt added, the colour of the flame changes to fuchsia, lilac, red, yellow or blue/green.

鈥淚t鈥檚 a visually exciting and inspiring demo,鈥� says chemistry lab manager Hamel Tailor, noting that the American Chemical Society warns demonstrators to 鈥渆xercise extreme caution鈥� as flame jetting can occur.

Canal, who has been examining and redeveloping teaching tools for years, agrees to its benefit as a teaching tool.

鈥淲e surveyed two classes of third-year, non-science university students and found that after they viewed the demo, well over 60 per cent had a greater understanding of energy transfer. They also had improved scores on standardized, short-answer exam questions.鈥�

The chemists found they could improve the demo鈥檚 safety by using strips of insulating firebrick pre-soaked in salt solutions (instead of adding chemicals by hand), and by using a portable burner such as a butane/propane camping stove as the flame source.

 鈥淭he most significant hazard of this demonstration was eliminated by removing flammable solvents that can be spilled or splashed in the demonstration area,鈥� says Sharma.

The scientists say their method would have prevented an injury of the kind that recently resulted in a $60-million injury settlement in the U.S.

Tailor says he鈥檚 pleased they were also able to make the demonstration safer and practical.

Adds Canal: 鈥淭his is definitely the 鈥榳ow鈥� part of our outreach activities and kids are always thrilled to learn about the reaction between flame colour and different chemicals. I鈥檓 glad we were able to make it safer without sacrificing its effectiveness.鈥�